What is An Automobile?
Introduction - The automobile is made up of two words. Auto and Mobile. Which means auto - self. And mobile means - mobile. Thus, automobile means - a self-propelled object.
"An automobile is a self propelled vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine and is used for transportation of passengers and goods on ground."
"An automobile is an automatic vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine that is used to transport (transporting passengers and goods from one place to another).
Example - Bus, car, truck, tractor, bike, etc.
History of Automobile
1769 - French engineer Captain Nicholas Cugnot Captain Nicolas Cagnot of France built the first road vehicle to run with his power.
1801 - Richard Trevithick built the first steam cart in England by Richard Trevithick.
1804 - Oliver Evans Oliver Evans created the finest (very good) American self propelled steam vehicle.
1827 - Onesiphare Pacqueur of France invented the first difference.
1832 - The first 3-speed transmission was patented by W. H. James in England.
1880 - German and French efforts develop an internal combustion engine vehicle.
1885 - In Germany, Benz Benz developed a three-wheeler powered by an internal combustion engine.
1886 - Gottlieb Daimler of Germany is one of the first gasoline engine driven automobiles by Gottlieb Daimler.
1894 - Panhard and Levassor Penhard and Levasore developed a car that included the main features of modern automobiles.
1895 - First motorcar race held.
1897 - First car arrived in India.
1900 - The design of the automobile was so improved that it awakened the public to the fact that this new form of transmission was actually practical for use.
1906 - Production and sale of these vehicles becomes a business
1908 - Ford i model car manufactured in the US by Ford Motor Company (Ford started its model with an initial run of 20,000 vehicles, at which time the output was unheard of).
1911 - First electric self-starter is installed in automobiles.
1920 - Gradual changes and refinements in automobile design.
Automobile in India
• The first car arrived in India in 1897. India was an automobile exporter for 50 years.
• Bharat Ratna sir M. Vivesvaraya created an automobile industry in India, but was not approved by the government.
• In 1943 and 1944, two companies came to India namely Hindustan Motors Limited and Calcutta and Premier Automobiles Limited. And it was established in Bombay
• Currently a lot of companies are established in India.
Classification of Automobile
1.Purpose (Objective)
i - passanger carries - car, jeep, bus etc.
ii - Goods carries - Truck, etc.
2. Based On Fuel Used (based on fuel used)
i - Petrol vehicle - motorcycles, scooters,
cars
ii - Diesel vehicle - trucks, buses, etc.
iii - Gas vehicle - coal gas turbine
iv - Electrical Vehicle - using storage batteries
v - Steam Vehicle - using steam engine
3. Based On Capacity (Based on Capacity)
i - HMV (Heavy motor vehicle)
or HTV (Heavy Transport vehicle) ----- Truck, Buses, Damper, etc.
ii - LTV (Light Transport vehicle) ----- pickup, station wagon
iii - LMV (Light Motor vehicle) ----- jeep, car
iv - Medium vehicle ----- station wagon, tempo, mini bus, small truck etc.
4. Based On Construction (Based on construction)
i - single unit vehicle
ii - Articulated Vehicle and tractors
5. Based On Drive (Based on run)
i - left hand drive - steering wheel fited on left hand side
ii - Right hand drive - steering wheel fited on the right hand side
iii - Fluid drive - vehicle employing torque converter, fluid fly wheel or hydramatic transmission
6. Based on Wheel and Axel (Depending on the wheel and axle)
i - Two wheeler
ii - three wheeler
iii - four wheeler (4 X 2) and (4 X 4)
iv - six wheeler (6 X 2) and (6 X 4)
7. Based on suspension system (based on suspension system)
i - Connentional - Leaf spring
ii - Independent - Coil spring, Torsion bar, Pneumatic
8. Body and Number of Doors
i - sedan
ii - convertible
iii - station wagon
iv - Delivary Van / pick ups
v - special purpose vehicle
9. Transmisssion (transmission)
i - conventional - all indian vehicles
ii - semi-automatic - most of British and japanes vehicles
iii - Automatic - most of the American vehicles
Parts of An Automobile
1. Machine Portion (Machine Part)
i - Chassis and transmission
ii - Engine
iii - Electrical equipment
Chassis
This part of the automobile supports its body, engine and transmission system. The automotive chassis consists of the following -
frame, shock absorbers and spring, steering system, brakes, tires and wheels
Transmission
It is a unit that delivers power from the engine to the wheel. It includes the following -
clutch, gear box, universal joint, final drive, axels and differential
Engine
Engine is the source of power in automobiles. The petrol engine includes the following 4 basic systems -
i - Fuel system - In this system the mixture of petrol and air is mixed together. When this mixture burns, some gases are released which produces pressure and this pressure moves the piston.
ii - Ignition system - This system of engine has a regular sparks to fire the fuel mixture coming from the fuel system.
iii - Lubricating system - In this system the moving parts of the engine are Lubriate so that they can work smoothly.
iv - Cooling system - Water is used in this system in which the engine is cooled by water, or this system is used to cool the engine.
2. Carriage Portion or Body
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